Apparatus for attaching and detaching machine parts



E. E. SKILLING April 3, 1951 APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING AND DETACHINGMACHINE PARTS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 16, 1948 INVENTOR E. E.SKILLING April 3, 1951 APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING AND DETACHING MACHINEPARTS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 16, 1948 m w m m uW/arrzey April 3,1951 E. E. SKILLING 2,547,345

APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING AND DETACHING MACHINE PARTS I N VEN TOR PatentedApr. 3, 1951 APPARATUS FOR ATTACH'ING AND DETACHING MACHINE PARTS EdwinE. Skilling, 'Chula Vista, Calif., assignor to International ToolCorporation, Chula Vista,

Calif.

Application August 16, 1948, SerialgNo. 44,506

5 Claims.- (01. 29*252) This invention relates to and has for a mainobject the'provi'sion' of an apparatus for attaching and detachingmachine parts through controlled application of pneumatic or' hydraulicpressure or a combination thereof, and for moving a part on and while itis tightly fixed to its li p i 7' '7 Y Such an apparatus is particularlyadaptedfor attaching sleeves or bushings to bodies, gears to shafts,wheels to axles, arbors to their supports, andin turn ford eta ching orremoving such elements from attached positions, respectively, as ten asfor applying power to el'em-ents'in other ways and for various purposes.v A This invention contemplates the provision of means "forhydraulically operating a portable unit for application to a pieceofwork remotely located relative to a source of power.

Another object is to provide a 'unitin which the cylinder and ram of ahydraulic unit arearr'ange'd to receive suitable attachments adapted toengage portions of fixed bcdie's'and portions of parts to be moved ontheir bodies when power is applied to the ram by displacement of a fluidcontained in said cylinder. c 7 It is desirable to provide a master unitincluding a cylinder of large area with a plunger therein operable in agiven direction by'a fluid under pressure, a hydraulic cylinder adjacentsaid large cylinderand adapted to contain a fluid which is displaceable'as by means of a piston fixedly attached to said plunger ior exhaustingfluid from therass'ociatedcylinder and transferring the fluid to thesecondary unit, through flexible :connections between the reservoircylinder and the cylinder of the secondary unit for applying power tothe seconiia f linitl i K Anobject also is to prov ide means for urgingthe master plunger and the piston of the reservoir cylinder in anopposite direction to that of a power stroke upon cessatio'n'or sufficient reduction of pressure thereto for attimes restoring the masterunit to normally inoperative position and in readiness for 'asucceedingoperation.

Other objects and advantages of our apparatus Will appear as thedescriptionthereof progresses. A preferred comprehensive form ofapparatus is shown in the accompanying drawings, subject tomodification, within the scope of the appended claims-without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. In said drawing' si i l'is anelevationalview'of a master unit, partly in section and of the samegeneral-charac tei" as that shown" in my copend'ing' application,

sent-1N0. 44,507, 'flledAugust 16, 1948;

Figs. 2 and 3 are, respectively, horizontal sec-- tions on lines 2 2 and3--3 of Fig. 1;

Figs; 4 and5 are, respectively, elevational views, partlyinsection'of asecondary unit arranged to receive powe'r'from the master unit" as whenre-' moving a sleeve'from a body and with the ram in different positionsin'itscyliiider as at the incep tion and partial removal stage or asleeve;

Fig. 6 atransversesectional view of a special attachment adapted'to'apply 'powerto andre= move a sleeve from its supporting body as theelements '(ra'm' or cylinder)"are relatively moved; Figl' ljisan'elevati'onal view of" the" secondary unit specially fittedwithattachments for'insert= ifig a sleeve in a supporting bbdy'andpartly in section} f W Figs. 8 and 9 are sectional views on lines 8 Band 9 9, respectively, or Fig-'7; Fi'gflll isja perspectiveview of astirrup attach able to thera'rii' 6f Fig???" Fig. 11 is a perspectiveview of a special fixture applicable to the secondary unit for effectinginsertionof a sleeve.

Briefly described, the" apparatus herein disclosedfincludes a masterpower unit M, a "sec; ondaryfpowr'un'it s, and an intermediate 'hydraulic unit I between the master and secondary units.

Master unit Mincliidesa base 3' mountedon Wheels B1, 'a la-rge' uprightcylinder 0 held'on base Bas by means r stay bolts 1 fixed'at their teamto the base and at their tops" to ahead c'lforming atop closure 'forsaid cylinder. .A plunger D: isslidablymounted in cylinder Q and iormsaclosure for the'bottom'of the case while providing eparate chambers2"and 3 on opposite sidesthereof. Chamber 2 is ventedto the atmosphereat 4 through head C1 while chain: be r 3 is sealed against air exceptthrough an inlet 5 through .whichcompressed air from an adequate source.is.. admitted for application to plunger D for effecting a power strokeof the plunger. .isaidplungerwhasta tubular stem D1 which extendsupwardly into a coaxial intermediate cylinder I which is attached tohead C1 as shown in Fig. 1. Stem D1 carries a piston D2 which slides inand closely fits the interior of cylinder I. Stem D1 is tensioned asbymeans of a compression spring D3 and a tension spring D4 which aretelescopically arranged in'thestem'and have their upper extremitiesconnected at d while the lower end of spring D4 is fixed at l to baseBand the lower end of spring D3 is held againsta split retainer rin (1"held in an int rnal groove in the bottom of stem D1, as shown in Fig. 1.

Thus, as plunger D moves u wardly under air pressure spring D4 isgradually extended until it attains an uppermost position and maximumcapacity while the spring D3 is compressed, thereby preventingoverloading of spring D4 and by combining the power of the two springsprovides for application of maximum effort to the plunger D at andfollowing institution of a downstroke of the plunger, and yet providingsufficient effort to move said plunger to the end of its downwardstroke.

Cylinder I has a head closure I which has a nipple 8 threaded into theupper end of the cylinder and in which there is a bore 9 incommunication with and for filling cylinder I with a suitable fluid.Said head has an outlet H! for receiving a fixture H of a flexible hosel2 which conducts fluid from cylinder I to secondary unit S, ashereinafter described.

Unit S as best shown in detail in Fig. 4, includes a cylinder S1 whichis closed at one end (upper end as shown) by a head S2 affixed as bywelding at 13, a ram S3 having a stem S4 slidable in cylinder S1 and arin S5 threaded into the other end of the cylinder and bored to form aguide for stem S4.

Inthe form of apparatus shown in Fig. 4, the parts of which are soformed and arranged as to quickly remove cylindrical parts such asliners, sleeves, bushings, etc., from their su porting bodies, cylinderS1 is rigged with a cylindrical removing fixture S6 and ram stem S4 isfitted with an attachment S7 particularly adaptable for bearing againsta crank pin E of an internal combustion motor when the pin is in itsdownmost position in order-that the lower end [4 of a sleeve F may beengaged by gripping devices carried by head Se and the sleeve movedupwardly and out of its bore as pressure is applied to the top of ramS3.

To such end head Se includes a cylindrical body bored and internallythreaded at l5 for attachment to a reduced externally threaded endportion 16 of cylinder S1 and counterbored at l! to neatly fit the outersurface of said cylinder. Thus, when head Se is affixed by cylinder S1 ashoulder l8 on said head will abut a companion shoulder on the cylinderand thereby limit the thrust of the head on the cylinder. A circularsleeve I9 is telesco ically slidable on the body Se and is formed withan annular internal flange 'at its top adapted to slide on a reducedportion 2| of the body between a shoulder 22 and a split retaining ring23 held by tension in an annular groove 24, as in Fig. 4.

Sleeve I9 has its depending skirt slitted as at 25 in Fig. 6 forproviding a plurality of longitudinal. tensioned fingers 26 which arefulcrumed at their junctions with flange 20 while their free ends dependtherefrom and are formed with shoulder 2! adapted at times to underliethe lower end of sleeve F.

Head S6 is formed with a frusto-conical flange 28 which, when the headS6 and sleeve 19 are relatively moved, will expand and permit thecontraction of fingers 26 into and from positions of engagement withsleeve F, respectively, depending upon a particular direction ofmovement of one element relative to the other.

In the position shown in Fig. 4, if the head S6 is moved upwardly or thesleeve I 9 moved downwardly the fingers 26 will expand outwardly untiltheir shoulders 21 are disposed below sleeve F and a subsequent movementupwardly of the body and sleeve l9 would be effective for moving sleeveF upwardly in its supporting body G when power is applied to ram S3. Insuch operation the foot S1 engages and bears against crank pin E or anyother fixed member while the cylinder S1 and head S6 move upwardly onthe ram due to a build-up of pressure in chamber 29 between cylinderhead S2 and S3. Fluid under pressure is supplied from intermediatecylinder I under influence of plunger D and piston Dz, through conduitor hose I2 and a fitting 30 attached to or formed on head S2.

The ram of Figs. 4 and 5 may be arranged similarly to stem D1 of plungerD (Fig. l) with telescoping springs S9 and S10 having their lower endsconnected at a while the upper end of spring S10 is anchored as by meansof a pin a to member 30 and the upper end of spring S9 abuts a splitretainer ring at of ram S3. Thus, said springs are of the same influenceon ram S3 as the similarly arranged springs D3 and D4 are on plunger D,except that the springs of the ram are tensioned as the ram movesdownwardly in its cylinder and tend to impart eifort to the ram toeffect its upward retractive stroke.

In Fig. 4, head fingers are shown as contracted and in readiness forexpansion as in Fig. 5, in which case the sleeve F has been partiallyremoved from its support G.

Ram stem s4 is bored and threaded to receive a nipple 3| of foot SqWhile the body of the foot is wing-like and concave on its bottomsurface, as

shown.

As shown in Figs. '7 to 10, inclusive, the power application unit S isfitted with attachment differing from those of Fig. 4 for the purpose ofinserting a sleeve F or other part into a receiving bore of a body as atG. In this form and arrangement the cylinder S1, ram S3, and ring S5 areidentical with corresponding elements of Fig. 4 but in lieu of thesleeve removing head St I provide a sleeve inserting head S8 ofstirrup-like form with upstanding arcuate sides 32, 32 adapted tooverlie cylinder S1 and a flat bottom 33 with a nipple 34 thereon forattachment to the socket at the lower end of ram stem S4 to which thefoot S1 of Fig. 4 is attached. Sid-es 32 have flanges 35 at their upperends adapted to engage and bear against the upper end of sleeve F whensaid sleeve is positioned as in Fig. 7 for insertion in a bore of bodyG.

A locking ring H is threadedly aflixed to portion !6 of cylinder S1 inlieu of the body of head 56 and has pairs of spaced lugs 36-36, 36-36,at diametrically opposite positions (Fig. 8) adapted to seat in selectedpairs of notches 31--3'I formed in opposite edges of bores 38-38 of athrust rack S9 which is employed in lieu of the attachment S1 of Fig. 4.Rack S9 carries a detachable or permanent foot 39 formed as a hook forunderlying the crank pin E when in uppermost position so that whencylinder S1 is locked to the rack through ring H and pressure is appliedto ram S3 said cylinder will be held against upward movement while theram will descend in the cylinder and carry with it the head S8 andthrough said head force the sleeve F into its bore in body G.Preferably, as shown in Fig. 9, a tooled ring 40 may be carried betweensleeve F and flanges 35 of head S8 and the lower surfaces of the flangesand the upper surface of ring 40 correspondingly bevelled.

It will be noted that the apparatus shown and described herein is notmerely a fixed machine 6 ends and a thrust rack having parallel armsoverlying and locked to said cylinder against-longitudinal and rotarymovement and provided with an anchor at its extended end for engagementwith a tationary body, whereby when pressure is applied between theplunger and the adjacent end of the cylinder, the cylinder will be heldstationary while the plunger and head move to occasion movement of thework in a body, said and special adapters by means of which manydifferent operations may be efiected through the employment of a singlepower unit.

Essentially then, the power application unit is of major importance inthat it includes the cylinder and ram elements and requisite attachmentsselectively applicable thereto, whereby, when one of said elements isanchored or bears against a stationary work support while the otherelement of the combination engages the work, the power unit uponapplication of pressure thereto becomes effective for inserting a partin, removing the same from, or merely adjusting said part in or on itssupport.

I claim:

1. An apparatus for attaching and detaching parts from bodies andarranged for operative connection with the cylinder and plunger of ahydraulic ram comprising: a head formed with a stirrup havingperipherally spaced arcuate sections and having a bottom underlying andaffixed to the ram plunger and flanges at their upper ends and a thrustrack having parallel arms overlying and locked to said cylinder againstlongitudinal and rotary movement and provided with an anchor at itsextended end for engagement with a stationary body, whereby whenpressure is applied between the plunger and the adjacent end of thecylinder, the cylinder will be held stationary while the plunger andhead move to occasion movement of the work in a body;

2. An apparatus for attaching and detaching parts from bodies. andarranged for operative connection with the cylinder and plunger of ahydraulic ram comprising: a head formed with a stirrup havingperipherally spaced arcuate sections and having a bottom underlying andaffixed tothe ram plunger and flanges at their upper ends and a thrustrack having parallel arms overlying and locked to said cylinder againstlongitudinal and rotary movement and provided with an anchor at itsextended end for engagement with a stationary body, whereby whenpressure is applied between the plunger and the adjacent end of thecylinder, the cylinder will be held stationary while the plunger andhead move to occasion movement of the work in a body, said rack armshaving notches therein, and a locking member aflixed to the ram cylinderhaving portions complemental to and adapted to seat in selected notchesfor operatively holding the rack in position.

3. An apparatus for attaching and detaching parts from bodies andarranged for operative connection with the cylinder and plunger of ahydraulic ram comprising: a head formed with a stirrup havingperipherally spaced arcuate sections and having a bottom underlying andafl'lxed to the ram plunger and flanges at their upper rack arms beingpositional intermediate said arcuate head portions.

4. An apparatus for attaching and detaching parts from bodies andarranged for operative connection with the cylinder and plunger of ahydraulic ram comprising: a head formed with a stirrup havingperipherally spaced arcuate sections and having a bottom underlying andafiixed to the ram plunger and flanges at their upper ends and a thrustrack having parallel arms overlying and locked to said cylinder againstlongitudinal and rotary movement and provided with an anchor at itsextended end for engagement with a stationary body, whereby whenpressure is applied between the plunger and the adjacent end of thecylinder, the cylinder will be held stationary while the plunger andhead move to occasion movement of the work in a body, the bottom of saidstirrup havin a threaded extension detachably secured to an end of theram plunger.

5. An apparatus for attaching and detaching parts from bodies andarranged for operative connection with the cylinder and plunger of ahydraulic ram comprising: a head formed with a stirrup havingperipherally spaced arcuate sections and having a bottom underlying andaffixed to the ram plunger and flanges at their upper ends and a thrustrack having parallel arms overlying and locked to said cylinder againstlongitudinal and rotary movement and provided with an anchor at itsextended end for engagement with a; stationary body, whereby whenpressure is applied between the plunger and the adjacent end of ,thecylinder, the cylinder will be held stationary while the plunger andhead move to occasion movementof the work in a body, and an annularadaptor encompassing the ram cylinder and interposed between the workand the flanges of the arcuate sections of the head.

EDWIN E. SKILLING.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,710,835 Nielsen Apr. 30, 19291,828,874 Myers Oct. 27, 1931 1,847,604 Finsen Mar. 1, 1932 2,075,235Sciaky Mar. 30, 1937 2,165,285 Mandi July 11, 1939 2,194,594 Halley Mar.26, 1940 2,238,424 McQuade Apr. 15, 1941 2,252,036 Rummer Aug. 12, 19412,421,276 Lotz May 27, 1947 2,421,324 Graham May 27, 1947 2,430,201Wyscaver Nov. 4, 1947

